The 1980s marked a pivotal moment for development cooperation, both globally and in Italy. This chapter provides an analysis of the intertwined economic, political and social issues that shaped development assistance during this period. It examines shifts in international paradigms and Italian legislative interventions that reflected evolving interpretations of international solidarity. The period witnessed a surge in political and public interest in cooperation, particularly evident in the adoption of three laws and an increase in the volume of public aid. The chapter also examines how non-governmental organisations (NGOs) navigated this transformative decade and emerged as prominent actors.The analysis in this chapter offers insights into the trends of the 1980s and their lasting impact on the sector.